“异曲”要“同工”
---------直击“直接引语”和间接引语”

不论是直接引用别人的话语，还是间接引用，有一点是要保证的，那就是所要表达的意思不能走样了。比如说老师对我们说：“同学们，下星期一开家长会，请你们星期天回家通知你们的家长下星期一到学校来。”你回去后该如何给家长说呢？你对家长说：“我们老师说了下星期开家长会，学校叫你们的家长下星期到学校去。”这不是笑话嘛！可在英语中这样的笑话还真不少。我们看下面一个例子：
example 1 在（b）句的空格上填上恰当的词，使其和（a）的意思一样。
　　　（a） He said, “ I lose my book in your room.”
（b）He said ___ lost _____ book in ________ room.
就有同学填成He said __he_ lost __my___ book in __your_ room..
仔细想想答案应该是: He said __he_ lost __his___ book in __my　room..
在英语学习中,直接引语和间接引语的相互转化中的一些变化我们要做到心中有数。
第一， 看句型
1， 如果引语是陈述句，用that引导间接引语
example 2
He said ：“Mother， Sister is in her room.”
　　　　----He told his mother that sister was in her room,
2,如果引语是一般疑问句或者是反义疑问句,则用whether( if)(是否)来引导 ,并把句子变成陈述语序；如果是选择疑问句则只能用whether来引导。
example 3
He asked:”Are you sure the Supergirl will come to our school?”
He asked whether( if) the the Supergirl would come to our school.
3, 如果引语是特殊疑问句注意把疑问语序变成陈述语序.
Example4
　He asked:”When will the　Olimpic　Games be held in China?”
　He asked when the Olimpic Games will be held in China.
4. 如果引语是祈使句,常用动词:ask, beg, tell, urge, warn, remind 和advise来引导宾语加动词不定式的结构
Example5
　The policeman said:”Don’t drive too fast.”
　The policeman told me not to drive too fast.
第二， 看时态
1,直接引语的现在时要变成间接引语的相应的过去时态
Example6
“This is my first time to China.”he said excitedly.
He said that that was his first time to China.<一般现在时变为过去时>
Example7　
“Jay is singing a beautiful song to a group of disabled persons.”the director said.
　The director said that Jay was singing a beautiful song to a group of disabled persons.<现在进行时变为过去进行时>　
2,将来时推移到过去将来时
Example8
“I will pay a visit to thatWater Recreation Club.”he said.
He said he would pay a visit to that Recreation Club.<一般将来时变为过去将来时>
3,过去时态推移到过去的过去
Example9
“ I finfished reading that book yesterday.”he told his teacher.
He told his teacher that he had finished reading that book the day before.
第三， 看代词
直接引语和间接引语转换中要根据所要表达的实际情况,对代词部分要进行相应的变换.我们可以看example 2.He 说Sister 在her <她>房间里.这里her <她>是指Sister自己,变间接引语时不用再变.我们把间接引语变一下看:
He said ：“Mother， Sister is in my room.”变成间接引语就是
　　　　----He told his mother that Sister was in his room,
　　 这里”他”非”她”了.
第四， 看状语
1时间状语的变化
上面讲了时态要发生变化,时间状语当然也要做相应的变化.
Now—then　　
today----that day　
tonight---that night
This week/year/term----that week/year/term
Two years ago---two years before
Tomorrow------the next/following day
Next year ----the next year
2．地点状语
here-----there
以上所讲的规律也要按照所要说的具体意思进行灵活的运用，而不能死搬教条。Example8中的例句
“I will pay a visit to thatWater Recreation Club.”he said.
如果he在我们转述他所说的话时还没做他说他要做的事，我们可以把他的话转述为：
He said he will pay a visit to that Recreation Club.<一般将来时仍为一般将来时>
规律+灵活=学习的成功。